Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism's genes to enhance or even alter certain characteristics to suit human requirements. Genetic engineering in plants and animals has been a controversial topic for years. Some argue that it has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by providing high yields, higher resistance to pests, and reduce dependence on pesticides. Others argue that it poses significant harm to human health and, therefore, should be banned.

Genetic engineering in plants and animals has the potential to address and mainly eradicate the world's most pressing problem, food security. Genetically altered plants can produce a high yield that is also highly nutritious; this will help tackle food insecurity and malnutrition problems in developing countries. These crops will also have a higher resistance to pests, which will help lessen the burden on farmers; the dependence on pesticides for such crops will make the food healthier and make production less expensive for farmers, manufacturers, and consumers. Genetically engineered farm animals such as cows, goats, and sheep may be altered to produce more milk, which is healthier, for the same size of the herd. These animals may also be resistant to many diseases, making it beneficial for plants, animals, and humans.

On the other hand, there are many risks associated with GM (genetically modified) plants and animals. The most important is that it would become hard to treat genetically engineered animals if they suffer from any diseases as their bodies are designed to withstand antibodies. Also, GMOs (genetically modified organisms) may breed with wild plants and take over native plants, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem and biodiversity. Also, there are concerns about the negative impact on human health due to the consumption of genetically altered plants and animals.